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English soldier, courtier, and diplomat, born 1507

Andrew Dudley
Coat of arms of Sir Andrew Dudley, KG.png

Arms of Sir Andrew Dudley, KG
Born c. 1507
Died 1559

London
Nationality English
Known for Soldier and courtier
Parent(southward) Edmund Dudley
Elizabeth Gray, 6th Baroness Lisle

Sir Andrew Dudley, KG (c. 1507 – 1559) was an English soldier, courtier, and diplomat. A younger brother of John Dudley, 1st Knuckles of Northumberland, he served in Henry VIII'south navy and obtained court offices under Edward VI. In 1547–1548 he acted as admiral of the fleet and participated in the War of the Rough Wooing in Scotland, where he commanded the English garrison of Broughty Castle. He was appointed helm of the fortress of Guînes in the Pale of Calais in late 1551. At that place he got involved in a dispute with the Lord Deputy of Calais, which ended only when both men were replaced in October 1552.

In October 1549 Andrew Dudley became one of Edward VI's Chief Gentlemen of the Privy Bedchamber and later keeper of the Palace of Westminster, in which function he was responsible for the Regal Wardrobe and Privy Purse. In early 1553 he was sent on a embassy to the Emperor Charles V to advise peace talks between France and the Empire. Andrew Dudley was bethrothed to Margaret Clifford, a showtime cousin of Lady Jane Grey, in June 1553; nonetheless his marriage plans came to naught with the accretion of Mary I, and on 19 August 1553 he was condemned to death for his office in his brother'south attempt to establish Lady Jane on the English throne. Released in Jan 1555, he lived in London until his death in 1559.

Family and early on career [edit]

Andrew Dudley was i of iii sons of Edmund Dudley, a councillor of Rex Henry Vii, and his second wife Elizabeth Grey, daughter of Edward Grey, fourth Viscount Lisle. When he was a toddler, his male parent was executed by the young Henry VIII as a scapegoat for the former king'south financial policies.[one] His eldest brother was John Dudley, after Knuckles of Northumberland, who sought to advance him in the rex's service. Andrew Dudley served in the household of Thomas Howard, tertiary Duke of Norfolk, and equally an officeholder of the exchequer in the 1540s.[2] Answering a complaint confronting exchequer activities in October 1540, Norfolk told the Privy Council that the only two people he had e'er found jobs for were Andrew Dudley and Edward Belingeham.[three]

The blood brother of the Lord Loftier Admiral, Dudley served in the royal navy and commanded the new royal ship Swallow in 1545.[2] In March 1546, he went on his first diplomatic mission to the Regent of Flanders. In his role as Equerry of the Stable, he delivered Henry VIII's gift of hackney horses, greyhounds and running dogs.[4]

In Scotland, 1547–1548 [edit]

In early 1547 Protector Somerset, the English regent, was contemplating to take up the War of the Rough Wooing again to press dwelling house the agreed matrimony of Edward Six and Mary Queen of Scots.[5] On 27 February Andrew Dudley was appointed admiral of the fleet.[ii] He was to oversee the "badgerer of the Scots" in the North Sea and to interrupt the shipping of munition from France to Scotland.[6] On 7 March he captured one of the Scottish principal ships, the Peachy Lion off Dover,[7] giving her a broadside from the Pauncey (correctly the Pensée, sometimes called the Pansy).[8] Odet de Selve, the French ambassador in London, gained a detailed business relationship from Nicolas d'Arfeville, a French painter and cartographer. Dudley was 30 miles from Yarmouth when he saw the Bang-up Panthera leo, with the Lyonesse, the Mary Gallante and another unnamed Scottish send. The Swell Panthera leo was overwhelmed past superior firepower, and the others surrendered, excepting the unnamed ship. The Lion was lost while being towed to Yarmouth when she grounded on a sandbank. Those on lath were brought equally prisoners to the Belfry of London, and at least one notable rider was killed in the firefight.[nine] The Privy Council sent Dudley a letter of commendation on x March 1547 for "his hardy enterprise against the Scots" with more detailed instructions. Dudley was told to lay up the Pauncey and other ships for repair; he was to release his Scottish prisoners, except notables, "gentlemen of estimation", and xl sailors judged to exist the best seamen and pilots. Those released would pay their ransom at £4 for a master or officer, and 40 shillings a sailor or mariner.[ten]

Dudley then sailed N to treat with the Fife lairds who had killed Cardinal Beaton. They were belongings St Andrews Castle confronting the Regent Arran with his eldest son James Hamilton as hostage.[11] The lairds, who became known as the "Castilians", signed a contract with Dudley, according to which they were to receive English aid to hold the castle confronting the Scottish government:

for the better ... surity of themselves and His Majesty's friends in Scotland and the advocacy and perfection of the said marriage [as well as] a perpetual peace, unity and ... natural love between both the realms.[11]

The Castilians promised to surrender St. Andrews Castle and Arran'south son to the English when they should appear. Dudley too struck a bargain with Lord Grayness, a disaffected Scottish noble who owned Broughty Castle, a fortress about Dundee. The chronicler and eye-witness William Patten noted its strategic importance: "it standeth in such sort at the oral fissure of the river Tay, that being gotten, both Dundee and [Perth], and many other towns else shall get field of study to this concord or exist compelled to forgo their utilize of the river."[12] Lord Grayness's contribution would exist the surrender of his castle and aid in taking Perth.[xi]

St. Andrews Castle fell in July 1547, which greatly strengthened French influence in Scotland and triggered an English invasion.[13] Andrew Dudley assisted the entrada at bounding main, nether the command of Lord Clinton.[13] Shortly after the Boxing of Pinkie Cleugh Dudley was knighted by Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset.[12] On 20 September 1547 he was appointed captain of the English garrison at Broughty Castle.[14] Lord Grayness had surrendered it later on three token cannon shots from the English language ships. Dudley complained to Somerset in October 1547 that "never had a man had and then weak a visitor of soldiers given to drinking, eating and slothfulness," though, "the house stands well."[fifteen] Still, it had "scant window to close, nor door, nor bolt, ... nor nail".[16] Re-fortification was supervised past a resident Italian engineer, Master John Rossetti,[15] and included building a new platform for cannon on the roof and strengthening of the curtain wall.[16]

Broughty Castle, the English garrison of which Andrew Dudley commanded in 1547–1548

Andrew Dudley secured a bond of alliance from the town of Dundee by firing on the boondocks from his two ships, the Bark Ager and the Mary Hambroughe, at the end of October 1547. In an try to promote the Protestant Reformation, he hoped to distribute Tyndale and Frithe'southward Bible in Dundee.[17] Lord Gray and the Master of Ruthven connected to bargain for the surrender of Perth in December 1547, but the English never secured the boondocks. Dudley was assisted by a subordinate, Thomas Wyndham who sailed several times upwardly the Tay towards Perth looking for supplies.[18] On 22 January 1548, he sent Wyndham across the Forth to Fife to burn down houses. Dudley's plan was to depict his besiegers to assault him and he kept backside his main force. The Scots and French took the opportunity offered to attack Broughty and were repulsed dorsum to Dundee afterwards a "hot skirmish".[19] The trick did not work a 2nd time on 25 January, and Wyndham's landing party in Fife encountered an ambush of 600 men; 10 soldiers were killed and 20 sailors injured.[xix] Dudley built a 2nd fort to command Dundee in March 1548 with the engineer Main John Rossetti and Sir Thomas Palmer.[xx] He was relieved at Broughty past Thomas Wyndham's nephew, Sir John Luttrell.[21] On 3 Apr 1548, Dudley and Luttrell were instructed by the Privy Council to effort to agree a yearly alimony for Lord Grayness at a figure between 600 and grand crowns.[22]

Military and court appointments [edit]

Dudley'south side by side military appointment later on his service in Scotland was under Lord Russell against the Western Rebellion in Baronial 1549.[23] In early 1551 Dudley became captain of the English garrison at Guînes.[ii] However, he incurred large debts "by his service",[24] and became involved in a dispute with Lord Willoughby, the Lord Deputy of Calais. In January 1552 they were recalled to England and summoned earlier the Privy Council. Finally, to resolve the feud, both men were relieved of their posts in October.[25] During 1552 Dudley likewise surveyed the coastal defenses of Portsmouth and the Isle of Wight to suggest on their improvement.[2]

Under Edward VI, Dudley also obtained court appointments and responsibilities; a fellow member of the Privy Chamber,[2] on 24 March 1547 he was given custody of a purse of £1435-9s-6d.[26] Dudley's brother John ousted the Protector in October 1549, and Andrew became i of the newly created Chief Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber.[27] These four "main gentlemen" had "the singular care" of the King's person and were each rewarded with £100 p.a.[28] A yr later Dudley also became keeper of the Palace of Westminster,[29] where he made an inventory of wardrobe and household goods.[30] Effectively in charge of the Privy Purse,[31] he was responsible for receiving and paying out purple cash and looking later on "all the jewels ... and other things in the palace".[32]

Mission to the Emperor, 1553 [edit]

In 1552 Dudley was made a Knight of the Garter;[33] at the terminate of the year he was sent on a embassy to discuss Edward Vi's hopes to mediate for peace between the Empire and France. He start travelled to Brussels, where he was received by Mary of Hungary on eight January 1553. Impatient to encounter the Emperor himself, he tried to intercept him on his fashion to Flemish region. Sir Richard Morrison, the English resident ambassador with Charles V, knew cipher of this until he met Dudley at Treves.[34] The ailing ruler was balky to be molested by diplomats while journeying, nevertheless Morrison bundled an interview at Luxembourg in which Charles referred them to a later occasion. On 11 February 1553 the Emperor gave the Englishmen an audience at Brussels.[35] When Dudley offered to osculation his hand, he embraced him. The visitors noted that the sleeping accommodation was hung with tapestries depicting the Emperor'south victories at Tunis.[36] Charles V was non-committal, declaring that he was well-disposed to peace if he just could trust the French rex.[34] On returning to England Dudley had an audition with Edward on 19 Feb. Jehan Scheyfve, the Emperor's agent, reported that Dudley was discreet, and but mentioned that Charles had given him a present. The French ambassador in London was non pleased.[37] Dudley was elected MP for Oxfordshire in the March parliament of 1553, conveying Edward's train at the proceedings.[2]

Marriage plans and disgrace [edit]

In April 1553 Dudley was commanded past the King to release cloth of argent and gold and velvet for the marriage of his nephew Lord Guildford to Lady Jane Gray,[38] which was celebrated on 25 May.[39] In June, Jehan de Scheyfve reported that Dudley himself would marry Margaret Clifford, a granddaughter of Mary Tudor, Queen of France, and cousin of Lady Jane, and that he would be made Lieutenant-Governor of the North.[forty] Dudley had even reserved a number of items from the wardrobe at Westminster for the union, including jewels, silver and gilt cups, a hair-brush, velvet domestic dog-collars, and a pair of pictures of Diana and Actaeon.[41] However, Edward VI died on half-dozen July 1553, having named Lady Jane Grey as his heir.[42]

Andrew Dudley assembled a force of 500 men at Ware, Hertfordshire to assist in his brother'south entrada against Mary Tudor.[2] Presumably arrested with him in Due east Anglia, he was imprisoned in the Tower on 25 July.[43] Accused with his family unit of rebellion and high treason, Dudley stood trial at Westminster Hall on 19 August 1553. He pleaded guilty and simply asked that his jewels that were in the keeping of a wardrobe colleague should not be lost.[44] On 21 August 1553, the twenty-four hour period earlier John Dudley'southward execution, he appeared with him and other condemned persons at the Tower Chapel St. Peter ad Vincula to hear mass.[45] His life was spared, and he was released in Jan 1555.[46]

In April 1555, subsequently his formal pardon, Philip and Mary granted Dudley a alimony of £100 p.a.[47] He was allowed to retain some of his before possessions, which had been valued at £555 at the fourth dimension of his arrest in 1553.[33] He moved to Tothill Street, London[two] and, "sick of body", made his will in July 1556.[48] In it he tried to reclaim jewels and other stuffs the Earl of Cumberland had received in advance of Dudley's intended marriage with Margaret Clifford. Amongst the intended beneficiaries were his nephews Ambrose, Robert Dudley, and Henry Sidney, his nephew-by-marriage.[48] He died iii years later, one-time before his will was proved on 22 November 1559.[two]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Loades 1996 pp. viii–eleven
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Löwe 2008
  3. ^ Letters & Papers of Henry 8, vol. 16, (1898), no. 169 British History Online Retrieved 16 December 2010
  4. ^ Letters & Papers of Henry VIII, vol. 21 part i, (1908), no. 437, no. 444 British History Online Retrieved 16 December 2010
  5. ^ Merriman 2000 p. 221
  6. ^ Loades 1996 p. 96
  7. ^ Cameron 1927 pp. 176, 180, 186
  8. ^ Strype 1822 pp. 14–15
  9. ^ Lefèvre-Pontalis 1888 pp. 117–119
  10. ^ Dasent 1890 pp. 451–452
  11. ^ a b c Merriman 2000 p. 226
  12. ^ a b Patten 1903 p. 141
  13. ^ a b Beer 1973 p. 62
  14. ^ Merriman 2000 pp. 249–250
  15. ^ a b Bain 1898 p. 24
  16. ^ a b Merriman 2000 p. 250
  17. ^ Bain 1898 pp. 21, 35
  18. ^ Bain 1898 pp. 39, 50-51
  19. ^ a b Bain 1898 pp. 64
  20. ^ Bain 1898 pp. 87, 99–100; Merriman 2000 pp. 312–313
  21. ^ Merriman 2000 pp. 312, 313
  22. ^ Dasent 1890 pp. 551–552
  23. ^ Beer 1973 p. 83
  24. ^ Beer 1973 p. 129
  25. ^ Beer 1973 pp. 128–129; Loades 1996 p. 223; Turnbull 1861 p. 358; Dudley received his call up at Guînes on 17 October 1552.
  26. ^ Starkey 1998 p. 74
  27. ^ Ives 2009 p. 124
  28. ^ Jordan 1970 p. 20
  29. ^ Collins 1745 p. 29
  30. ^ Starkey 1998 p. 401
  31. ^ Loades 1996 p. 250
  32. ^ Beer 1973 p. 128
  33. ^ a b Loades 1996 p. 223
  34. ^ a b Loades 1996 p. 242
  35. ^ Jordan 1970 p. 175
  36. ^ Turnbull 1861 pp. 244–245
  37. ^ Tyler 1916 pp. 10–xi
  38. ^ Strype 1822 p. 256
  39. ^ Ives 2009 p. 321
  40. ^ Tyler 1916 pp. 51, 55
  41. ^ HMC 1883 pp. 131–132
  42. ^ Loades 1996 pp. 256, 239–240
  43. ^ Loades 1996 p. 266
  44. ^ Tytler 1916 p. 185
  45. ^ Loades 1996 p. 268
  46. ^ Adams 2002 p. 157
  47. ^ Loades 1996 p. 273
  48. ^ a b Collins 1746 p. 30

References [edit]

  • Adams, Simon (2002): Leicester and the Court: Essays in Elizabethan Politics, Manchester University Press, ISBN 0-7190-5325-0
  • Bain, Joseph (ed.) (1898): Calendar of the Land Papers relating to Scotland and Mary Queen of Scots 1547–1603: Vol. I A.D. 1547–1563 H.K. General Register House Edinburgh
  • Beer, B.50. (1973): Northumberland: The Political Career of John Dudley, Earl of Warwick and Duke of Northumberland The Kent State University Press ISBN 0-87338-140-8
  • Cameron, Annie (ed.) (1927): The Scottish Correspondence of Mary of Lorraine Scottish History Society
  • Collins, Arthur (ed.) (1746): Letters and Memorials of State Vol. I T. Osborne
  • Dasent, J.R. (ed.) (1890): Acts of the Privy Council Vol. II HMSO
  • Historical Manuscripts Committee (ed.) (1883): Agenda of the Manuscripts of ... The Marquess of Salisbury ... Preserved at Hatfield House, Hertfordshire Vol. I HMSO
  • Ives, Eric (2009): Lady Jane Gray: A Tudor Mystery Wiley-Blackwell ISBN 978-1-4051-9413-half dozen
  • Jordan, W. K. (1970): Edward Half-dozen: The Threshold of Power. The Authority of the Knuckles of Northumberland George Allen & Unwin ISBN 0-04-942083-half-dozen
  • (French) Lefèvre-Pontalis, Germain (ed.) (1888): Correspondance Politique de Odet de Selve, Ambassadeur de France en Angleterre (1546-1549) Fèlix Alcan
  • Loades, David (1996): John Dudley, Knuckles of Northumberland 1504–1553 Clarendon Press ISBN 0-19-820193-ane
  • Löwe, J. A.: "Sutton, Henry (d. 1564?)" Oxford Lexicon of National Biography online edn. Jan. 2008 (subscription required) Retrieved 2010-06-11
  • Merriman, Marcus (2000): The Rough Wooings: Mary Queen of Scots, 1542–1551 Tuckwell Press ISBN 978-1-86232-090-1
  • Patten, William (1903): "The Expedition into Scotland (1548)" in A.F. Pollard and Thomas Seccombe (eds.): Tudor Tracts, 1533–1588 pp. 53–157 E.P. Dutton
  • Starkey, David (ed.) (1998): Inventory of Henry Viii Vol. I Harvey Miller ISBN 1-872501-89-3
  • Strype, John (1822): Ecclesiastical Memorials Vol. 2 Part 2 Clarendon Printing
  • Turnbull, Due west.B. (ed.) (1861): Agenda of Country Papers, Strange Series, of the Reign of Edward Half dozen, 1547–1553 Longman, Green
  • Tyler, Royall (ed.) (1916): Calendar of ... State Papers, relating to ... Spain Vol. XI HMSO

External links [edit]

  • Clarification of Dudley's commencement command, the Swallow, from the Anthony Roll on wikisource.
  • Description of Dudley'due south command, the Pauncey, from the Anthony Roll on wikisource.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Dudley

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